Phosphorus is Required for Diverse Biological Processes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Phosphorus plays a critical role in cellular biology (5). Many cellular processes require phosphorus in one form or another and include nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism (37), energy metabolism (42, 46), cellular signaling (38), membrane integrity (53, 58), muscle function (10, 33), enzyme activity (74), lipid metabolism (25), and bone mineralization (30). Phosphorus is present in virtually every bodily fluid. In human plasma or serum, phosphorus exists in the form of inorganic phosphorus or phosphate (Pi), lipid phosphorus, and phosphoric ester phosphorus. Total serum phosphorus concentrations range between 89 and 149 mg/l (2.87–4.81 mM), inorganic phosphorus (phosphate, Pi) concentrations between 25.6 and 41.6 mg/l (0.83–1.34 mM) (these change with age) (5), phosphoric ester phosphorus concentrations between 25 and 45 mg/dl (0.81–1.45 mM), and lipid phosphorus concentration between 69 and 97 mg/l (2.23–3.13 mM) (22). In mammals, bone contains substantial amount of phosphorus (approximately 10 g/100 g dry fat-free tissue); in comparison, muscle contains 0.2 g/100 g fat-free tissue, and brain contains 0.33 g/100 g fresh tissue (22). Given its widespread distribution and critical role in vital cellular processes, it is not surprising that a deficiency of phosphorus results in clinical disease, including muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, impaired leukocyte function, and abnormal bone mineralization resulting in rickets or osteomalacia (34, 35, 64). Organs Involved in Phosphorus Homeostasis
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